AGREEMENT/CONTRACT

Indian Contract Act, 1872

The Indian Contract Act, 1872 defines the term “Contract” under its section 2 (h) as “An agreement enforceable by law”. In other words, we can say that a contract is anything that is an agreement and enforceable by the law.

This definition has two major elements in it viz – “agreement” and “enforceable by law”. So in order to understand a contract in the light of The Indian Contract Act, 1872 we need to define and explain these two pivots in the definition of a contract.

Agreement

The Indian Contract Act, 1872 defines what we mean by “Agreement”. In its section 2 (e), the Act defines the term agreement as “every promise and every set of promises, forming the consideration for each other”.

Promise

Section 2(b) which defines the term “promise” here as: “when the person to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted. Proposal when accepted, becomes a promise”.

In other words, an agreement is an accepted promise, accepted by all the parties involved in the agreement or affected by it. This definition thus introduces a flow chart or a sequence of steps that need to be triggered in order to establish or draft a contract. The steps may be described as under:

• The definition requires a person to whom a certain proposal is made.
• The person (parties) in step one have to be in a position to fully understand all the aspects of a proposal.
• “signifies his assent thereto” – means that the person in point one accepts or agrees with the proposal after having fully understood it.
• Once the “person” accepts the proposal, the status of the proposal changes to “accepted proposal”.
• “accepted proposal” becomes a promise. Note that the proposal is not a promise. For the proposal to become a promise, it has to be accepted first.

Thus, in other words, an agreement is obtained from a proposal once the proposal, made by one or more of the participants affected by the proposal, is accepted by all the parties addressed by the agreement. To sum up, we can represent the above information below:

Agreement = Offer + Acceptance.

Enforceable By Law

Agreement to change into a Contract as per the Act, it must give rise to or lead to legal obligations or in other words must be within the scope of the law. Thus we can summarize it as Contract = Accepted Proposal (Agreement) + Enforceable by law (defined within the law)

Communication when complete

Section 4 provides that, the communication of a proposal is complete when it becomes to the knowledge of the person to whom it is made. 

The communication of an acceptance is complete – as against the proposer, when it is put in a course of transmission to him so at to be out of the power of the acceptor; as against the acceptor, when it comes to the knowledge of the proposer. 

The communication of a revocation is complete – as against the person who makes it, when it is put into a course of transmission to the person to whom it is made, so as to be out of the power of the person who makes it; as against the person to whom it is made, when it comes to his knowledge.

Difference Between Agreement And Contract

Agreement	Contract
A promise or a number of promises that are not contradicting and are accepted by the parties involved is an agreement.	A contract is an agreement that is enforceable by law.
An agreement must be socially acceptable. It may or may not be enforceable by the law.	A contract is only legally enforceable.
An agreement doesn’t create any legal obligations.	A contract has to create some legal obligation.
An agreement may or may not be a contract.	All contracts are also agreements.